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@ 2024 IIEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific
Optimizing Hull Design for a Battery-Electric Inland Waterway Catamaran
by Sheryl E. Diokno, Rovinna Janel C. Tayo, Lew Andrew Tria, and Paul Rodgers.
BEST PAPER AWARDEE
@ 2024 IIEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific
Standardization Framework and Policy Recommendation for Electric Propulsion Systems in Electric Passenger Ferries for Inland Waterways in the Philippines
by Meljean-Kate L. Tagao, Rovinna Janel C. Tayo, and Lew Andrew Tria
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Fleet Management on Inland Waterways for Electric Boat Ferry System
ICEMS 2024
International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
Ma. Leonora Elizabeth O. Borromeo; Luis Jarod De Luna ; Rovinna Janel C. Tayo ; Lew Andrew R. Tria
A fleet management model for an electric passenger ferry system is presented in this paper based on the operation of the Pasig River Ferry Service (PRFS), located in Metro Manila, Philippines. The model considered battery size, projected energy economy, and the ferry's voyage cycle. It simulates the State-of-Charge (SOC) of the ferry throughout its operational route, with one of the key metrics being that the Depth-of-Discharge (DOD) should not exceed 80% to ensure battery health and operation safety. The model's results can be influenced by adjusting the number of charging points, charging rate, distance, battery energy capacity, and fleet size.
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Optimizing Hull Design for a Battery-Electric Inland Waterway Catamaran
ITEC Asia-Pacific 2024
IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific
Sheryl E. Diokno, Rovinna Janel C. Tayo, Lew Andrew R. Tria, Paul Rodgers
The electrification of maritime vessels in the Philippines is at an early stage, with inland waterways emerging as prime candidates for this transition. This study focuses on optimizing hull design for an electric catamaran ferry to be operated on an inland waterway system in the Philippines. Three hull designs were evaluated: broad, tapered, and fair form, each influenced by different battery capacities and operational requirements. Hydrodynamic simulations using Maxsurf, statistical simulation using the design of experiments (DOE) feature of JMP software and iterative design refinements with Rhinoceros software were employed to minimize drag and enhance efficiency. The fair form hull demonstrated the highest energy efficiency, requiring 31.08 kW at 8 knots cruising speed, with an energy economy of 2.57 kWh per km while also satisfying the other restrictions determined from the deployment site. This integrated approach underscores the importance of hull design in enhancing the performance and sustainability of electric ferries.
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Standardization Framework and Policy Recommendation for Electric Propulsion System in Electric Passenger Ferry for Inland Waterways in the Philippines
ITEC Asia-Pacific 2024
IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific
Meljean-Kate L. Tagao; Rovinna Janel C. Tayo; Lew Andrew R. Tria
Aligned with the 10-year Marina Industry Development Plan (MIDP) aimed to enhance the Philippine marine industry from 2019 to 2028, the agency released nine new and revised domestic shipping circulars, and policies. Additionally, they issued Philippine Ship Safety Rules and Regulations (PSSRR) for passenger ships Part B (less than 500 GT), focusing on designing and constructing the superstructure of such vessels, including those for inland waterways. Despite these efforts and the International Maritime Organization's goal to achieve net-zero GHG emissions by 2050, no available references have been used to standardize marine electric propulsion components in the Philippines. This research develops a standardization framework for the electric propulsion system of an electric passenger ferry for inland waterways that can be adopted in the Philippines. Relevant standards from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) were reviewed to identify the gaps between existing local standards and policies. The paper presented a method for incorporating these standards in electric ferry design and evaluated three sets of commercially available electric propulsion systems for compliance with IEC standards in preparation for a local electric ferry design. The findings will aid the local maritime industry in identifying necessary standards for adopting and transitioning to fully electric passenger ferries.
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Metaheuristics-based optimal powertrain sizing for a hybrid electric passenger ferry
ITEC Asia-Pacific 2024
IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific
Frederick Madero Samonte; Sheryl Espiritu Diokno; Rovinna Janel Cruzate Tayo ; Lew Andrew Ravelas Tria
A global shift toward sustainable transportation has prompted the maritime industry to lead in the electrification of water vessels. Battery electric powertrains show great promise in reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; however, high capital expenditures are required to deploy this technology. In other studies, the design of hybrid electric vehicles using metaheuristic algorithms has successfully minimized total costs and equivalent carbon dioxide emissions. This study developed a design methodology for a hybrid electric powertrain for inland waterway ferries, utilizing genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), techniques that have been used in land vehicles. A hybrid electric powertrain model was used to simulate its real-life operation. An evaluation of the total cost of ownership (TCO) and lifetime carbon (CO2) emissions measured its economic feasibility and environmental impact. The study successfully exploited GA and PSO to design a hybrid electric passenger ferry, reducing up to 39.05% of TCO and 28.51% of CO2 emissions.
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Electrification of Boats for Small-Scale Rural Fishing
ITEC Asia-Pacific 2024
IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific
Marissa Francisco Munar; Sheryl Espiritu Diokno; Rovinna Janel Cruzate-Tayo; Lew Andrew R. Tria
Advancing towards the goal of taking action to combat climate change, studies directed on the gradual shift to utilize greener energy are in demand. Prior to this study, efforts on electric conversion of marine vehicles have been made for large-scale projects. With the motivation of having progress on electrification inclusive even for small vessels, this research is aimed at conducting a study on the electric conversion of traditional fuel-powered boats for small-scale rural fishing. In this research, a 3D model similar to the existing hull structure of fishing boats was created for the simulation of resistances, computation of the expected energy consumption, and considerations on the sizing of the electrical equipment to form a fully electric system for the marine vehicle. This design was tested through software simulations and hardware emulations to forecast the projected range of operation and limitations of system performance. Results showed the use of 60 Ah batteries can complete 66.5% of the usual operations of the fishing boat. In contrast, the use of 100 Ah batteries would result to 100% completion of operation, with 360 Wh spare energy.
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Evaluation of Cell Balancing Methods for High Capacity Electric Vehicle Lithium-ion Battery Packs
ITEC Asia-Pacific 2024
IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific
Alessandro Santiago, Leo Allen Tayo, Janine Giron, Mark Arnel Domingo, Lew Tria
There are generally two types of voltage-based balancing for lithium batteries: top and bottom balancing. Top balancing is practical for small electric vehicles as charging overnight fills up and balances the batteries. Larger and heavier electric vehicles, on the other hand, do not enjoy such convenience. They need proper infrastructure just to charge quickly without problems with the local electric grid. Factoring balancing delay with other considerations could mean bottom balancing might be more appropriate. This paper analyzes the balancing time as well as other considerations when choosing whether to utilize top or bottom balancing for high-capacity battery systems in electric vehicles.
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Comparative Analysis of Centralized and Distributed BMS Topologies for LEV Applications
ITEC Asia-Pacific 2024
IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific
Leo Allen S. Tayo, Mark Arnel B. Domingo, Alessandro T. Santiago, Janine D. Giron, Lew Andrew R. Tria
This paper presents a techno-economic analysis and comparison of two battery management system (BMS) topologies namely centralized BMS (CBMS) and distributed BMS (DBMS). Testing, characterization, and analysis were constrained within light electric vehicle (LEV) applications that operate at extra-low voltage DC (≤120VDC). High energy LiFePO4 battery packs were used to test and characterize the two BMS topologies in terms of flexibility and expandability, installation complexity, fault tolerance, redundancy, communications implementation, and battery equalization performance. The DBMS topology excels in terms of flexibility and expandability, fault tolerance, redundancy, and charge equalization. The CBMS, with its straightforward implementation is more practical when it comes to ease of installation and simplicity of communication protocol. In terms of cost, the DBMS technology used in this paper is the more cost-effective solution in comparison to the CBMS topology.
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A Methodology on the Evaluation of Electrification of An Inland Waterway Passenger Ferry
EASTS 2023
International Conference of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies
Sheryl Diokno, Rovinna Janel Tayo, Brandon Jamos Cipriano, Lew Andrew Tria, Paul Rodgers, Karl Vergel, Carl Michael Odulio, Ernesto Abaya
Ferry retrofitting reduces the carbon footprint of marine transport while reusing existing resources. However, electric conversion can be risky, especially for expensive marine vehicles. There are different electric power train configurations, like battery-electric and hybrid. A methodology to evaluate these configurations, by using the operations data and structural plans in retrofitting an existing passenger ferry used for public transport in the Pasig River of the Philippines is presented in this paper. Through weight estimation, hydrostatic calculations, stability simulations, and energy modeling, the resulting powering requirements, metacentric height, feasibility of component placement, and energy economy for each scenario were determined and compared. The results show that the battery electric configuration had the simplest modification and least energy demand at 167.4kWh compared to the base case diesel engine at 240kWh, and other configurations. Reduction in the energy used saves resources, increases energy security, and reduces pollution emitted from non-renewable energy sources.
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Performance Characterization of a Developed Battery Electric Tricycle
ITEC Asia-Pacific 2023
IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific
Leo Allen S. Tayo, Lew Andrew R. Tria, Janine D. Giron, Belle S. Sermeno, Alessandro T. Santiago, John Angelo N. Yago, Mark Arnel B. Domingo, Marc Angelo T. Cabaddu, Lemuel B. Purisima
This paper presents the performance characteristics of a locally-developed electric tricycle (E-Trike) in the Philippines that is intended for adoption for the public transport system. Both on-road testing and laboratory testing through a chassis dynamometer are performed on the vehicle to characterize the energy economy (km/kWh) in varying operating conditions. The performance characterization was aimed at determining the optimal operating conditions of the vehicle in order to obtain the best range. Mileage measurements from initial on-road testing resulted to 18.85 km/kWh, 13.90 km/kWh, and 13.01 km/kWh for no load, half load, and full load conditions, respectively. These peak vehicle efficiencies are observed to occur when the electric motor was operating at its rated 3000 RPM. The rated motor RPM, depending on the load, translates to a range of 20-25 km/h of actual vehicle speed. Using an urban drive cycle with an average speed of 14 km/h for chassis dynamometer testing, the E-Trike recorded an average mileage of 10.70 km/kWh.
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Development of a Mobile Application-Based System Diagnostics and Monitoring for a Battery Electric Vehicle
ITEC Asia-Pacific 2023
IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific
Janine D. Giron, Belle S. Sermeno, Alessando T. Santiago, John Angelo N. Yago, Mark Arnel B. Domingo, Leo Allen S. Tayo, Lew Andrew R. Tria
The global rise of electric vehicle adoption, attributed to various government programs, entails the need to establish and improve the techniques for electric vehicle (EV) maintenance. Particular to a battery-powered vehicle, it is critically important to develop a compatible on-board diagnostic (OBD) tool to monitor its complex electronics system comprehensively and in real-time to ensure optimal performance and safety during operation. In this paper, an OBD system based on CAN protocol, an ESP32-based interface tool, and an Android-based mobile application is presented. The data capturing, logging, and processing techniques of the proposed system are discussed. A real-time data stream of EV performance metrics and the critical battery parameters were then successfully logged and visualized on an Android-based tablet for intuitive vehicle maintenance and repair.
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2024
2023
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