Technical Methodology
E-trike Prototype Specifications
1.
Vehicle Control Unit
2.
Battery System and BMS
-
Lithium-ion (LiFeYPO4)
-
72V 100Ah
3.
Electric Motor
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AC Induction Motor
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3-Phase 5kW 80Nm
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3000 RPM rated, 6000 RPM max
4.
Gearbox/Drivetrain
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Single reduction 12.76:1
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Rear axle differential assembly
-
50kph max speed
5.
Motor Controller
6.
-
Input: 48-72V DC nominal
-
5kW rated output, 0-300Hz 3P
On-board Charger
7.
Charging Ports
-
2kW charger
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Regular charging - Mode 3
-
Fast charging - CharM, Mode 4
2
6
3
7
4
5
1
Electric Vehicle Prototype Testing
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Dynamometer for setup in CSU Tuguegarao.
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UP VRTL dynamometer can be used for initial testing.
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E-Trike and EV drive cycles already available for laboratory testing.
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EV testing based on PH (PNS ISO 8714 & 8715) and International protocols (i.e. WLTP, SAE, NEDC, JISHA)
Considerations for Battery Sizing
Typical Ratings: 36V / 48V / 60V / 72V
DOE-BEMAC Models: 55V for 68VM / 83V for 69VM
PNS IEC 61851-21: LV Category <60V (48V nominal)
Capacity fade of batteries at high discharge currents (Peukert)
Deployment data for E-Trikes:
10.4 km/kWh - WB Li-ion 48V100AH
10.5 km/kWh - SCiB Li-ion 83V40AH
9.7 km/kWh - Pb-acid 60V55AH
Tricycle daily range requirements: 100 km/day to be competitive
With 72V100AH @ 80%DoD, E-Trike can cover approximately 60km
Translates to 1.7 full charges per day to reach 100 km
Easy to do top-up or even direct full charge with CharM fast charger
Normalized pricing of lead-acid vs li-ion to PHP/kWh
Toshiba SCiB Li-ion: 20,000 cycles | @P90k/module; P270k/83V40Ah-3.3kWh | P81.3k/kWh |
Winston Li-ion: 5000 cycles | @P5k5/cell; P126k/72V100Ah-7.2kWh | P7.5k/kWh |
Xupai lead-acid: 900 cycles | @P7k2/battery; P44k/72V55Ah-3.9kWh | P10.9k/kWh |
TARGET: 80% DoD for 5000 cycles
5000 cycles = 13.7 years @ 1 cycle per day;
6.8 years @ 2 cycles per day;
4.6 years @ 3 cycles per day
E-Trike compartment needs to accommodate battery dimensions
Lead-Acid | Li-ion (WB) | Li-ion (SCiB) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Specific Power | 180 W/kg | 266 W/kg | 3.5 kW/kg |
Energy Density | 80-90 Wh/L | 133 Wh/L | 170 Wh/L |
Specific Energy | 35-40 Wh/kg | 90 Wh/kg | 84 Wh/kg |