Niche Centers in the Regions for R&D

E-MOBILITY

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Electric Mobility Research and Development Center for the PH Electric Vehicle Industry

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Technical Methodology

Conceptualization and Benchmarking

Benchmarking of performance of typical ICE tricycles.
Benchmarking of design and performance of available E-Trikes.
Review of reference designs for EV components - BMS, VCU, MC.
Component selection for E-Trike battery system and motor.

Design and Prototyping

Simulation of design candidates for BMS, VCU and MC.
Schematic, PCB and CAD designs of components.
Sourcing of EV peripheral components - lights, signals, horn, etc.
Benchtop testing of developed prototypes.

Fabrication and Modular Testing

Fabrication and assembly of BMS, VCU and MC with automotive-grade enclosures.
Modular testing of components using power supply and load emulators.
Performance testing of components in EPDC.
Fabrication of EV chassis and body (UP in-house).

Integration

Integration of E-Trike mechanical system with E&E system (Project 2 in-house test vehicle).
Finalization of the dynamometer setup and E-Mobility R&D center in CSU.

Testing and Pre-certification

Integration of E-Trike E&E system with chassis and body (Project 1 and Project 2 Integration)
Laboratory testing of E-Trike prototype - dynamometer test
Pre-certification testing for PNS ISO 8715 and PNS ISO 8714
Technical trainings and lectures - UP & CSU.

E-trike Prototype Specifications

1.

Vehicle Control Unit

2.

Battery System and BMS

Lithium-ion (LiFeYPO4)
72V 100Ah

3.

Electric Motor

AC Induction Motor
3-Phase 5kW 80Nm
3000 RPM rated, 6000 RPM max

4.

Gearbox/Drivetrain

Single reduction 12.76:1
Rear axle differential assembly
50kph max speed

5.

Motor Controller

6.

Input: 48-72V DC nominal
5kW rated output, 0-300Hz 3P

On-board Charger

7.

Charging Ports

2kW charger

Regular charging - Mode 3
Fast charging - CharM, Mode 4

5

1

2

6

3

7

4

Electric Vehicle Prototype Testing

Dynamometer for setup in CSU Tuguegarao.

UP VRTL dynamometer can be used for initial testing.

E-Trike and EV drive cycles already available for laboratory testing.

EV testing based on PH (PNS ISO 8714 & 8715) and International protocols (i.e. WLTP, SAE, NEDC, JISHA)

Considerations for Battery Sizing

Selection of Battery Bank Voltage

Typical Ratings: 36V / 48V / 60V / 72V
DOE-BEMAC Models: 55V for 68VM / 83V for 69VM
PNS IEC 61851-21: LV Category <60V (48V nominal)
Capacity fade of batteries at high discharge currents (Peukert)

Energy Autonomy of Vehicle

Deployment data for E-Trikes:
10.4 km/kWh - WB Li-ion 48V100AH
10.5 km/kWh - SCiB Li-ion 83V40AH
9.7 km/kWh - Pb-acid 60V55AH
Tricycle daily range requirements: 100 km/day to be competitive
With 72V100AH @ 80%DoD, E-Trike can cover approximately 60km
Translates to 1.7 full charges per day to reach 100 km
Easy to do top-up or even direct full charge with CharM fast charger

Pricing

Normalized pricing of lead-acid vs li-ion to PHP/kWh

Toshiba SCiB Li-ion: 20,000 cycles	@P90k/module; P270k/83V40Ah-3.3kWh	P81.3k/kWh
Winston Li-ion: 5000 cycles	@P5k5/cell; P126k/72V100Ah-7.2kWh	P7.5k/kWh
Xupai lead-acid: 900 cycles	@P7k2/battery; P44k/72V55Ah-3.9kWh	P10.9k/kWh

Usable Energy Capacity

TARGET: 80% DoD for 5000 cycles

5000 cycles = 13.7 years @ 1 cycle per day;
6.8 years @ 2 cycles per day;
4.6 years @ 3 cycles per day

Form Factor and Weight

E-Trike compartment needs to accommodate battery dimensions

	Lead-Acid	Li-ion (WB)	Li-ion (SCiB)
Specific Power	180 W/kg	266 W/kg	3.5 kW/kg
Energy Density	80-90 Wh/L	133 Wh/L	170 Wh/L
Specific Energy	35-40 Wh/kg	90 Wh/kg	84 Wh/kg

E-Mobility R&D Group